Benchmarking in Neuro-Symbolic AI

Abstract

Neural-symbolic (NeSy) AI has gained a lot of popularity by enhancing learning models with explicit reasoning capabilities. Both new systems and new benchmarks are constantly introduced and used to evaluate learning and reasoning skills. The large variety of systems and benchmarks, however, makes it difficult to establish a fair comparison among the various frameworks, let alone a unifying set of benchmarking criteria. This paper analyzes the state-of-the-art in benchmarking NeSy systems, studies its limitations, and proposes ways to overcome them. We categorize popular neural-symbolic frameworks into three groups: model-theoretic, proof-theoretic fuzzy, and proof-theoretic probabilistic systems. We show how these three categories have distinct strengths and weaknesses, and how this is reflected in the type of tasks and benchmarks to which they are applied.

How to cite

@inproceedings{manhaeve2024benchmarking,
  author       = {Robin Manhaeve and Francesco Giannini and Mehdi Ali and
                  Damiano Azzolini and Alice Bizzarri and Andrea Borghesi and
                  Samuele Bortolotti and Luc De Raedt and Devendra Singh Dhami and
                  Michelangelo Diligenti and Sebastijan Dumancic and Boi Faltings and
                  Elisabetta Gentili and Alfonso Gerevini and Marco Gori and
                  Tias Guns and Martin Homola and Kristian Kersting and
                  Jens Lehmann and Michele Lombardi and Luca Salvatore Lorello and
                  Emanuele Marconato and Stefano Melacci and Andrea Passerini and
                  Debjit Paul and Fabrizio Riguzzi and Stefano Teso and
                  Neil Yorke-Smith and Marco Lippi},
  editor       = {Wang-Zhou Dai},
  title        = {Benchmarking in Neuro-Symbolic {AI}},
  booktitle    = {Learning and Reasoning - 4th International Joint Conference on
                  Learning and Reasoning, {IJCLR} 2024, Nanjing, China,
                  September 20-22, 2024, Proceedings},
  series       = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume       = {16059},
  pages        = {238--249},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  year         = {2024},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09087-4_17},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-032-09087-4_17}
}